What is Transformation of Sentences?
Structure of Affirmative, Negative and Interrogative sentences
Affirmative: Subject + verb + object.
ü
They
wrote a letter.
ü
James
goes to college.
ü
We
eat rice.
Negative: Subject + auxiliary verb + not + object.
ü
They
did not write a letter.
ü
James
does not go to college.
ü
We
do not eat rice.
Interrogative: Auxiliary verb + subject + main verb +object?
ü
Did
they write a letter?
ü
Does
James go to college?
ü
Do
we eat rice?
Negative interrogative: Auxiliary verb + subject + not + main verb + object?
ü
Did
they not write a letter?
ü
Does
James not go to college?
ü
Do
we not eat rice?
Note:
While changing negative and interrogative, the verb changes as follows:
V1 takes do
(V1 = do + V1)
V2 takes did (V2 = did + V1)
V5 takes does (V5 = does + V1)
Examples of Transformation of
Sentences:
1)I
play baseball. (Affirmative)
I do not
play baseball. (Negative)
Do I play baseball?
(Interrogative)
2)He
had his lunch. (Affirmative)
He did not
have his lunch. (Negative)
Did he have
his lunch? (Interrogative)
3)He
drives a bus. (Affirmative)
He doesn't
drive a bus. (Negative)
Does he
drive a bus? (Interrogative)
Rules for Transformation of Sentences
i)'some'
changes into 'any' in negative and interrogative:
ü
He
ate something. (Affirmative)
ü
He
did not eat anything. (Negative)
ü
Did
he eat anything? (Interrogative)
ii) ‘somebody’ changes into nobody in negative and ‘anybody’ in interrogative
ü
They
help somebody. (Affirmative)
ü
They
do not help anybody. (Negative)
ü
Do
they help anybody? (Interrogative)
iii)any
of' changes into 'none of in negative:
ü
Any
of them can do this. (Affirmative)
ü
None
of them can do this. (Negative)
iv)'no'
and 'any' changes into 'some' in affirmative:
ü
He
wants nothing./He doesn't want anything. (Negative)
ü
He
wants something. (Affirmative)
v) 'already' changes into 'yet' in
negative and vice versa:
ü
He
has already returned. (Affirmative)
ü
Has
he returned yet? (Interrogative)
ü
He
hasn't returned yet. (Negative)
vi) 'never' changes into 'always' in
affirmative and 'ever' in interrogative:
ü
He
never walks on foot. (Negative)
ü
He
always walks on foot. (Affirmative)
ü
Does
he ever walk on foot? (Interrogative)
vii)'a lot of changes into 'many' for
countable noun and 'much' for uncountable in negative and interrogative:
ü
James
bought a lot of mangoes. (Affirmative)
ü
James
did not buy many mangoes. (Negative)
ü
Did
James buy many mangoes? (Interrogative)
viii)
'too' changes into 'either' in negative and vice versa:
ü
I
like it, too. (Affirmative)
ü
I
don't like it, either. (Negative)
ix) 'and so' changes into 'and neither' in
negative and vice versa:
ü
Rita
was happy and so was Gita. (Affirmative)
ü
Rita
was not happy and neither was Gita. (Negative)
x) 'either ....or' changes into
'neither...nor' in negative and vice versa:
ü ü Either Rekha or Shila will win the match. (Affirmative)
ü ü Neither Rekha nor Shila will win the match. (Negative)
x) 'as
....as' changes into 'not so...as' in negative and vice versa:
ü
Your
handwriting is as good as mine. (Affirmative)
ü
Your
handwriting is not so good as mine. (Negative)
xi) 'have
to, has to, had to' change into negative by adding 'not' after them:
ü
He
had to go. (Affirmative)
ü He had not to go/He did not have to
go. (Negative)
xii)' several' changes into 'any' in negative but remains 'several' in interrogative:
ü
He
bought several books. (Affirmative)
ü
He
did not buy any books. (Negative)
ü
Did
he buy several books? (Interrogative)